What is an arrest warrant?

An arrest warrant is essentially a legal document that provides law enforcement with the authority to arrest a specific individual. It is issued by a judge or magistrate based on probable cause, meaning there is enough evidence to suggest that a person has committed a crime. This document not only allows police officers to take a suspect into custody but also helps protect citizens' rights by ensuring that arrests are conducted under judicial oversight.

The other options describe different legal concepts but do not accurately define an arrest warrant. A record of a previous arrest pertains to the history of an individual’s interactions with law enforcement rather than the authority to make a new arrest. An order for a police search relates to the permission needed to search a person’s property, which is distinct from an arrest warrant. A summary of criminal charges outlines the accusations against an individual but does not confer the authority to arrest them. Therefore, understanding an arrest warrant's fundamental role in the justice process underlines the importance of adhering to legal protocols during law enforcement activities.